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Environmental health researchers have long used concepts like the neighborhood effect to assessing people’s exposure to environmental influences and the associated health impact. However, these are static notions that ignore people’s daily mobility at various spatial and temporal scales (e.g., daily travel, migratory movements, and movements over the life course) and the influence of neighborhood contexts outside their residential neighborhoods. Recent studies have started to incorporate human mobility, non-residential neighborhoods, and the temporality of exposures through collecting and using data from GPS, accelerometers, mobile phones, various types of sensors, and social media. Innovative approaches and methods have been developed. This Special Issue aims to showcase studies that use new approaches, methods, and data to examine the role of human mobility and non-residential contexts on human health behaviors and outcomes. It includes 21 articles that cover a wide range of topics, including individual exposure to air pollution, exposure and access to green spaces, spatial access to healthcare services, environmental influences on physical activity, food environmental and diet behavior, exposure to noise and its impact on mental health, and broader methodological issues such as the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP) and the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP). This collection will be a valuable reference for scholars and students interested in recent advances in the concepts and methods in environmental health and health geography.

the elderly --- regression analysis --- walking event --- green space --- missing data --- crop residue burning --- correlation analysis --- imputation --- physical environment --- crowdedness --- Guangzhou --- mobile phone data --- GPS trace --- noise pollution --- mental disorders --- Beijing --- urban leisure --- environmental exposure --- environmental context cube --- subway stations --- air pollution exposure --- long-distance walking --- car ownership --- multilevel model --- CHAS --- ecological momentary assessment --- cycling for transportation --- cognitive aging --- 3SFCA --- interannual and seasonal variations --- well-being experience --- personal projects --- spatial spread --- E2SFCA --- activity space --- catchment areas --- structural equation modeling --- transport modes --- greenspace exposure --- health --- train stations --- human mobility --- quantile regression --- the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP) --- emissions estimation --- taxi GPS trajectories --- real-time traffic --- primary healthcare --- rail travel --- spatial accessibility --- commuting route --- GPS --- urban planning --- environmental health --- Brazil --- EMA --- geographical accessibility --- big data --- dynamic assessment --- obesity --- healthcare accessibility --- population demand --- the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP) --- geographic impedance --- collective leisure activity --- multimodal network --- GIS --- 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic --- UGCoP --- environmental exposures --- spatial data --- the uncertain geographic context problem --- Singapore --- built environment --- adults --- time-weighted exposure --- geographic imputation --- Public Participatory GIS (PPGIS) --- access probability --- life-course perspectives --- China --- walking --- active travel --- foodscape exposure --- car use --- food environment --- fuel consumption --- ageing --- Healthcare services --- road traffic accidents --- space-time kernel density estimation --- multilevel Bayesian model --- environmental context exposure index --- spatial autocorrelation --- PM concentrations --- physical activity --- bike paths

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Space-time analysis is a rapidly growing research frontier in geography, GIS, and GIScience. Advances in integrated GPS/GIS technologies, the availability of large datasets (over time and space), and increased capacity to manage, integrate, model and visualize complex data in (near) real time, offer the GIS and geography communities extraordinary opportunities to begin to integrate sophisticated space-time analysis and models in the study of complex environmental and social systems, from climate change to infectious disease transmission. This volume specifically focuses on research frontiers, comparative research, and research and application interactions in this field in the US and China, arguably the two most dynamic loci for this work today. The contributions to this book, by top researchers in China and the US, productively highlight the differences and similarities in approaches and directions for space-time analysis in the two countries. In light of the recent rapid progress in GIScience research on space-time integration in both countries, the book’s focus on research frontiers in these two countries will attract great interest in both countries and in other parts of the world as well as among related disciplines. In addition, the book also explores the impact of collaborative research and publications underway in this area between the US and China, and will provide an overview of these collaborative efforts and programs. This book will not only be of interest to university-based GIS researchers and students, but also to those interested in this new area of research and applications like researchers and developers in business, internet mapping and GIS, and location based services (LBS).

Geography. --- Geographical Information Systems/Cartography. --- Geographical information systems. --- Géographie --- Systèmes d'information --- Noms géographiques --- Geography --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Cartography --- Geographic information systems --- Spatial analysis (Statistics) --- Research --- Analysis, Spatial (Statistics) --- Geographical information systems --- GIS (Information systems) --- Correlation (Statistics) --- Spatial systems --- Information storage and retrieval systems

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Space-time analysis is a rapidly growing research frontier in geography, GIS, and GIScience. Advances in integrated GPS/GIS technologies, the availability of large datasets (over time and space), and increased capacity to manage, integrate, model and visualize complex data in (near) real time, offer the GIS and geography communities extraordinary opportunities to begin to integrate sophisticated space-time analysis and models in the study of complex environmental and social systems, from climate change to infectious disease transmission. This volume specifically focuses on research frontiers, comparative research, and research and application interactions in this field in the US and China, arguably the two most dynamic loci for this work today. The contributions to this book, by top researchers in China and the US, productively highlight the differences and similarities in approaches and directions for space-time analysis in the two countries. In light of the recent rapid progress in GIScience research on space-time integration in both countries, the book’s focus on research frontiers in these two countries will attract great interest in both countries and in other parts of the world as well as among related disciplines. In addition, the book also explores the impact of collaborative research and publications underway in this area between the US and China, and will provide an overview of these collaborative efforts and programs. This book will not only be of interest to university-based GIS researchers and students, but also to those interested in this new area of research and applications like researchers and developers in business, internet mapping and GIS, and location based services (LBS).

Geodesy. Cartography --- Geography --- geodesie --- GIS (geografisch informatiesysteem)

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This open access book is the first to systematically introduce the principles of urban informatics and its application to every aspect of the city that involves its functioning, control, management, and future planning. It introduces new models and tools being developed to understand and implement these technologies that enable cities to function more efficiently – to become ‘smart’ and ‘sustainable’. The smart city has quickly emerged as computers have become ever smaller to the point where they can be embedded into the very fabric of the city, as well as being central to new ways in which the population can communicate and act. When cities are wired in this way, they have the potential to become sentient and responsive, generating massive streams of ‘big’ data in real time as well as providing immense opportunities for extracting new forms of urban data through crowdsourcing. This book offers a comprehensive review of the methods that form the core of urban informatics from various kinds of urban remote sensing to new approaches to machine learning and statistical modelling. It provides a detailed technical introduction to the wide array of tools information scientists need to develop the key urban analytics that are fundamental to learning about the smart city, and it outlines ways in which these tools can be used to inform design and policy so that cities can become more efficient with a greater concern for environment and equity.

Human geography --- Computer networking & communications --- Information technology: general issues --- Geography --- Human Geography --- Information Systems and Communication Service --- Computer Applications --- Geography, general --- Urban Geography and Urbanism --- Database Management System --- Geographical Information System --- Urban informatics --- Urban science --- GIS --- Urban computing --- Sensing --- Big data --- Smart cities --- Spatial data infrastructure --- Big data analytics --- Data-driven geography --- Open access